What Is a Reference Group in Sociology

A reference group is a collection of people that we use as a standard of comparison for ourselves regardless of whether we are part of that group. We rely on reference groups to understand social norms, which then shape our values, ideas, behavior, and appearance. This means that we also use them to  evaluate the relative worth, desirability, or appropriateness of these things. How We Relate to and Embrace Norms The concept of a reference group is one of the most basic of sociology. Sociologists believe that our relationship to groups and to society at large shapes our individual thoughts and behaviors. How we relate to reference groups is central to how social groups and society exert social force on us as individuals. By looking to reference groups — be they those of race, class, gender, sexuality, religion, region, ethnicity, age, or localized groups defined by neighborhood or school, among others-- we see norms and dominant values, and we choose to either embrace and reproduce them in our own thoughts, behavior, and interactions with others; or, we reject and refute them by thinking and acting in ways that break from them. Embracing the norms of a reference group and expressing them ourselves is how we achieve important connections with others that lead to social acceptance —doing so is how we fit in and achieve a sense of belonging.  Conversely, those of us who either cant or choose not to embrace and express the norms of reference groups that are expected of us might be seen as outcasts, criminals, or in other cases, revolutionaries or trendsetters. Specific Types of Reference Group Norms Expressing reference group norms and behavior through consumption is one of the most easily visible examples of this phenomenon. In choosing what clothing to buy and wear, for example, we typically refer to those around us, like friends or peer groups, colleagues, or to stylistic reference groups, like preppy, hipster, or ratchet, among others. We gauge what is normal and expected by paying attention to our reference group, and then we reproduce those norms in our own consumer choices and appearance. In this way, the collective influences our values (of what is cool, nice, or appropriate) and our behavior (what we purchase and how we dress). Gender norms are another clear example of how reference groups shape our thoughts and behavior. From a young age, boys and girls receive both explicit and implicit messages from those around them and from media that dictate norms of behavior and appearance. As we grow up, reference groups shape our grooming habits on the basis of gender (shaving and other hair-removal practices, hairstyle, etc.), how we interact with others based on their gender, how we physically carry ourselves and comport our bodies, and what roles we inhabit in our personal relationships with others (how to be a good wife or husband, or son or daughter, for example). Whether we are conscious of it or not, we are looking to multiple reference groups which shape our thoughts and behavior on a daily basis.

Volunteering Is Important in the Public Services - 1991 Words

Explain why volunteering is important in the public services volunteering is a person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task. In this report i will talk about the different types of volunteering in the: †¢ public sector †¢ private sector †¢ third sector volunteering is important in the public sector because it helps the public services save money other than the military as the military reservists get paid but it is still voluntary. I got all my information from the websites which are for the organisation. the benefits of volunteering are: †¢ Learn or develop a new skill †¢ Be part of your community †¢ Motivation and sense of achievement †¢ Boost your career options †¢ New interests and hobbies †¢ New experiences †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Sainsburys – Comic Relief For Red Nose Day 2013 they put all their efforts into selling the first ever Nose with toes: the Dinosesaurs, as well as a whole host of other goodies like the pin badge, car air freshener, wrist band, deeley boppers, mugs and loads more. they helped to raise  £10,512,406. Asda – Tickled Pink Asda’s funding has transformed the Breast Cancer Campaign by accepting the charity to fund breast cancer research. The Tickled Pink Campaign not only raises money, it also helps to raise awareness of breast cancer. they do this by turning products pink, this makes it stand out more to the Asda customers. last year they raised  £4 million. http://your.asda.com/tickled-pink, http://www.asdasupplier.com/about-us/charities/who-we-support MS – Oxfam clothes swap you take your clothes that you no longer want so they can be bags, shoes, tops. you take them into any Oxfam shop and you get a  £5 off. Co-op - Fair-trade Fair-trade is a trading partnership that focuses on sustainable development for poorer producers. they do this by providing better trading conditions and raising awareness of their situation. Third sector Breast cancer research They have been going since 1902 and along the way they’ve achieved a long list of firsts. Now they’re pushing well into the future – developing newer, kinder treatments, getting closer to cures. They fund over half of the UK’s cancer research, including theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Community Service in the United States1483 Words   |  6 PagesVolunteerism is a path to responsible citizenship. Volunteering is a form of generous behavior, with a goal of providing help to others, a group, an organization, a cause, or the community at large without expectation of accolades or material reward (Musick, 2008, p 3). Volunteer work encourages good citizenship. It builds trust with others and public institutions. Trusting people are more likely to get involved in leadership positions or even politics. It gets individuals involved by letting themRead MoreCommunity Service Persuasive Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesWhat comes to your mind when you hear the wor d community? Does it excite you or does it make you cringe? One important question we should be asking in today’s society is whether community service is an opportunity to unite and help others or is it something we avoid for our selfish means? Society today illuminates the self and is primarily centered only on oneself. Thus, volunteering for the sake of helping others does is rare, unless it has personal benefits. People were once united and helpedRead MoreExperience Paper Volunteering1305 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Experience Paper Volunteering Psy/215 December 7, 2014 For this paper I took a look at possible volunteer opportunities in my local community. I gave examples of what opportunities were available and how to find information on how to become a volunteer. I choose to use google as my research criterion and found a very resourceful website with the information I needed. As you read my paper you will find information about being a volunteer, what benefits it has, and what opportunitiesRead MoreBsb115 Vbd Brief713 Words   |  3 PagesGrowing local native plants Assesment Item 1 BSB115- Maanagement 1. Introduction Volunteering is any activity, which time is given without being paid for to benefit another person or group (John Wilson, 2000). Not-for-profit organisations often rely on volunteering to operate their business and this need will continue to grow as a result of volunteering trends in an ageing population (Volunteering Australia, 2012). This brief will outline some of the challenges and opportunities facedRead MoreThe Tax Issue Regarding Volunteer Mileage Rate1321 Words   |  6 Pagestaxation burden especially for those who are employed receiving salaries versus those volunteering their time for free. I would like to discuss a tax issue regarding volunteer mileage rate. Volunteers who use their personal vehicle to perform work for a nonprofit are only allowed deducting 14 cents per mile while the standard business mileage rate is currently 57.5 cents per mile for the current year 2015. Volunteering is more than just doing something for free. It is taking someone’s skills and utilizingRead More Service Learning Should NOT be Mandatory For College Students1357 Words   |  6 PagesService learning is the name for forcing college students to do volunteer work as part of their college careers. The hope is that this volunteer work will give students a better sense of civic duty, and thus, be a worthy additi on to college curriculums. However, this idea relies on the faulty premise that if one is forced to volunteer that one will derive the same benefits as someone who does it out of their own desire to help. Mandatory service learning will not have the desired effect, and shouldRead MoreMy Freshman Year Of High School Was The Year Of The 20081177 Words   |  5 Pagesdecided that I wanted to major in political science and become a public servant. Thus, my dream job was to run and be elected to the United States Congress. When participating in the requirements for the Garnet and Gold Scholars Society, I realized that my experiences in services, leadership, and having an internship have greatly complemented each other on the fact that they involve some form of politics and working with or for a public servant. This is because, I completed my internship requirementRead MoreA Clear Picture Of Your Discourse Community1361 Words   |  6 PagesMedical Society or PPMS is an organization on the University of Central Florida’s main campus. It specializes in the healthcare profession in general. Any student who is pursuing a degree and a career in the medical field can join PPMS. PPMS is a public organization that communicates with its members through email, an up to date website, and monthly meetingings. Also, the emails and website are used to inform members about events that the organization will be holding, for example, a medical symposiumRead MoreMy Leadership Qualities Were Developed Through Working With The Disabled Students1031 Words   |  5 Pageswill analyze on the following aspects of the class project. Firstly, how my leadership qualities were developed through working with the disabled students? Secondly, the conflicts I faced through the semester and their resolutions. And lastly, how volunteering is transformative? Let’s start with leadership qualities. According to Britney Helmrich (2016), the meaning of leadership defined as â€Å"a leader is a person who takes you where you will not go alone.† A quote that represents my experience of theRead MorePersonal And Professional Goals : Btec Point Average1667 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Methods; and an overall GPA of 5 at the end of 2018 (University of South Australia, 2016). This will enable me entry into the Psychology Honours Program in 2019. As I am uncertain which field of psychology I wish to enter, I believe this is an important goal to ensure my options remain open and my value of achievement is satiated. Short term goals that contribute to achieving your three-year goal: 1. By the end of 2016, achieve an overall GPA of 5 and a GPA of 5.5 for Introductory research methods

Legality of Organ Donation Free Essays

Progress in medical science and technology has contributed to the growth of kidney and other organ transplantations around the world. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable organs continues to widen. Chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation is one of the most pressing health policy issues in many developed countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Legality of Organ Donation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In recent years, the persistent scarcity of organs for transplantation has invigorated the controversy about the determinants of organ donation rates and the magnitude of their effects. In spite of the media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the organs supply cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. The Philippines is no exception to the dilemma on the shortage of transplantable human organs and there is no clear cut policy yet on how the shortage could be swiftly addressed. The Department of Health (DoH) is currently pushing for â€Å"cadaveric organ donation† and this perhaps, might lessen the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable human organs. But how can one tinker freely with the body of a deceased person? Are there laws in the country which give blanket authority to hospital institutions or to a medical practitioner in harvesting transplantable human organs from a deceased person even without a document or a health card indicating that the deceased is a willing donor? The answer is a resounding ‘None’. The Philippines has yet to come up with a law regarding ‘presumed consent’ unlike in many European countries, particularly Spain, which for so long a time has been implementing their own and unique versions of ‘presumed consent laws’. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classified as a potential donor in absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. With the positive effect of presumed consent laws vis-a-vis organ donation rates on countries which enforced such, it is high time that the Philippines should follow suit and come up with its own version of presumed consent laws. Senator Richard Gordon took the initiative in making the battlecry for the passage of a presumed consent law as he was astounded by the staggering figures of the National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI). The Institute reported that the usual Filipino kidney transplants performed thereat have gone down by 20% while the demand for kidney donation is going up by ten (10) percent annually. Global Reality. Waiting for a suitable donor organ to become available may take one week to many months. Unfortunately, the latter is more often the case. This waiting time has been described by many transplant recipients and their families as the most difficult part of the transplant process. Fear and anxiety are normal reactions during this period of uncertainty. In Europe, the average waiting time is three years and is expected to last for ten years or until 2010. With 120,000 patients on chronic dialysis and 40,000 patients waiting in line for a kidney in Western Europe alone, about 15 to 30 % of these patients will die annually because of organ shortages. Every day in the United States, 17 people die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of people in the waiting list for an organ has more than tripled over the last ten years; at the same time, the number of donors has remained relatively stagnant. In the United Kingdom, the active transplant waiting list is increasing by about 8% a year, and the ageing population and increasing incidence of Type 2 diabetes are likely to exacerbate the shortage of available organs. In 2006, the UK Organ Donation Task Force was established with the task of identifying barriers to donation and making recommendations for increasing organ donation and procurement within the current legal framework. In the U. S. , Great Britain and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In 2002, 6679 patients died on the U. S. organ waiting lists before an organ became available, roughly 18 per day . In 2001, 6,439 people died while waiting for a transplant, nearly double the 3,916 candidates who died while waiting just five years earlier in 1996. In spite of media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the supply of organs cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. One of the most frequently quoted explanations of the gap between the supply and demand of organs is that the number of families that refuse to grant a consent to donation is still large. Approximately 50% of the families that were approached for an organ donation in the U. S. and Great Britain refused it, compared to around 20% in Spain and around 30% in France. Notably, Spain and France are presumed consent countries. In many countries, including the U. S. , Great Britain, Germany and Australia, cadaveric organ procurement is carried out under the informed consent principle. Under an informed consent law, cadaveric organ extraction requires the explicit consent of the donor before death, which is usually re? ected on a donor registration card. In contrast, in most of continental Europe, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classi? ed as a potential donor in the absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. The severe shortage of human organs for transplantation in the U. S. has prompted numerous proposals to alleviate this problem. In addition to presumed consent legislation, proposals include ? nancial incentives for donors , xenotransplantation, educational campaigns, organ exchange mechanisms for living donors with incompatible recipients and preferential assignment of organs to registered donors. However, increasing donation consent rates from families is still viewed as the most promising route to increase organ donation. Many analysts and health professionals believe that presumed consent legislation may play an important role in shaping the decision of the families. In an international survey of transplant professionals, 75% of the respondents supported presumed consent legislation, and 39% identi? ed this type of legislation as the most effective measure to increase donation rates, the highest percentage among all measures considered in the survey, followed by improved education with 18%. Several countries, including Spain, Austria, and Belgium, have opted for a change in legislation and introduced presumed consent, whereby organs can be used for transplantation after death unless individuals have objected during their lifetime (an opt out system). Countries vary in how organ donation legislation functions in practice, and the terms â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† have been used to characterize how much emphasis is placed on relatives’ views in these countries. In Austria, for example, a fairly strong version of presumed consent principle is applied, although family views may be taken into account. In Spain, as in most presumed consent countries, even when organ removal can be carried-out by law without the consent of the family, organ coordinators in charge of the donation process do not authorize the extraction of organs without an explicit family approval. Another notable example is Sweden, which goes from an informed consent system to a presumed consent system in 1996. Ten years before, in 1986, Sweden had switched from presumed consent to informed consent. In the data, cadaveric donation rates decreased steadily in Sweden during the informed consent period. This downwards trend seemed to disappear after presumed consent legislation was reinstituted in 1996. National Reality. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute Renal Disease Control estimated 11, 250 Filipinos nationwide developing End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) annually. It is estimated that half of these ESRD patients are suitable kidney transplant candidates but only five percent (5%) are actually transplanted to date because of insufficient organ supply and the affordability of the operative procedure to most patient. The past years have also witnessed the development of â€Å"medical tourism† as exemplified by countries like India, Thailand and Singapore (but now world-wide) as improved hospital facilities in the less developed countries have attracted patients from developed countries where health care costs were expensive and unaffordable especially to those with no health insurance. In 1999, a TV documentary exposed more than a hundred kidney transplants done in a private hospital from living non-related donors coming from the very poor section of the metropolis, called BASECO in Tondo, Manila. The Philippines is among the world’s leading providers of trafficked organs. Reuters named China, Pakistan, Egypt, Columbia and the Philippines as the five organ trafficking hotspots. Trafficked organs are either sold domestically, or exported to the US, Europe, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and especially Israel for their transplant patients. In his privilege speech, Senator Miguel Zubiri tackled about the CNN’s feature regarding the thriving trade of human organs, amidst the poverty in the country. Although he commented in CNN’s report where Mr. Hugh Reminton made an erroneous slant on the human organ trade in the country, Zubiri admitted that there are some truth to the report. The truth is – human organ trade, particularly kidneys, is thriving in the country, specifically in the urban poor communities; that after paying-off the donor, the trader abandons them to face post-surgery risks also without medical attention. In addition to this, the organ transplant sector is rife with stories of traders earning millions of pesos after paying-off donors. This statement could be supported by an incident of kidney sale in Lumban, Laguna where Jose Rivero, 31, a tricycle driver, told the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) that he had been promised by the broker that he would be paid Php 300,000. 00 for his kidney. However, he received only Php 66,000. 00 which led him to report to the NBI. Special Investigator 3, Joey Narciso, the case officer, said that the country has no law prohibiting the direct sale of organs to a donor. Nothing has been heard of being caught and punished, of conniving surgeons or clinics who knowingly transplant organs that have been sold. Zubiri even suspected that there are big syndicates that prey on the poor and helpless citizens and exploit their ignorance and vulnerability; syndicates which have a growing clientele that includes foreigners and rich Filipinos. During the same session, Senator Gordon disclosed that the NBI is investigating the alleged involvement of doctors and other medical personnel of prominent hospitals in the illegal organ trade after members of a syndicate were arrested for duping several people from Batangas, Quezon and neighboring provinces into selling their organs. Gordon recommended the adaptation of a presumed consent. Zubiri stated that the suggestion could be included in the Senate Bill No. 460 , authored by Senator Jose Jinggoy Estrada. How to cite Legality of Organ Donation, Essay examples

Concept of Professionalism-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Professionalism. Answer: Introduction Professionalism is defined as the way of practicing the activities or conduct any norms by providing high quality of values and skills. Today, teachers are the one who have wide professional standards because they interact with the many people such as students, parents, staffs and administrators. One can only be a professional when they earn an education degree and meet some certain criteria. Professionalism may differ from actions to actions that are performed by them (Porcupile, 2015). Some values are distinct in nature and they must be known as acceptable values. The professionalism must be supportive and be a good listener and able to respect all the administrators and students that exists inside and outside the organization. Practice makes a man perfect and it also helps to introduce set of values as well. All these values must be strongly followed by the educators with ongoing observation. New overarching professional standards are generally followed by teachers that enables students to get involved in the analytical skills. Later, these standards are divided into sub categories based on their objectives and guidelines. It is very important that the professionalism values must be approached in a very correct way. A good professionalism helps to give rise to several opportunities and subjective taught. One can also learn how to plan lessons with the minimum utilization of resources. He/she must be well prepared with strong subjective knowledge that can easily be reflected and portrayed from the way he/she presents himself/herself (Brenda, 2010). A professional educator is an individual who have strong subjective knowledge and which aims at reducing the time which is wasted in researching and finding out study materials. They plan tehri lessons that becomes easy for the others to read and understand. It is worth to comment that the educator creates an example for others and also will develop important advantages. It takes years to develop such knowledge skills that others appreciate. Generally, educators develop such knowledge by reading and gaining information from various sources. They have worked hard to gain such experience within the education industry. Get the best jobs in sent to your inbox daily. Choose Citation Style MLA APA Chicago (B) Kokemuller, Neil. "Definition of Professionalism in Education." Career Trend, https://careertrend.com/facts-5241910-definition-professionalism-education.html. 18 July 2017. Kokemuller, Neil. (2017, July 18). Definition of Professionalism in Education. Career Trend. Retrieved from https://careertrend.com/facts-5241910-definition-professionalism-education.html Kokemuller, Neil. "Definition of Professionalism in Education" last modified July 18, 2017. https://careertrend.com/facts-5241910-definition-professionalism-education.html Copy Citation Note: Depending on which text editor you're pasting into, you might have to add the italics to the site name. There are majorly five standards that are set which a professional teacher must have. These are mentioned below. Knowledgeable Every teacher must have a sound knowledge of all the curriculum. They must be aware of all the information about what to teach and how to teach. One must know the technique behind transferring the knowledge to the students in a more effective way. Let us take an example of a Math teacher. A math teacher must know how to calculate problems and solve them with the correct solutions. He/she must help students to show how it relates to their daily life like if it is related to numbers then how counting is helped when you buy something at grocery stores. As one knows the world keeps changing and its the teacher who are responsible to remain updated and make their student learn about the changes (Epstein and Miller, 2011). Aware of Diversity Teachers must be aware of the cultural differences and the several experiences that affect the learning of the students. The differences include ethnicity, language, age, education, income and many more. Moreover, teachers should modify the instruction lines as per the needs of the students. Ability to plan Teachers must plan their schedules of teaching styles. Planning must be done with the long term objectives and short term objectives. Teachers must aim at understanding the curriculum goals and the needs of the student learning styles. Likewise, they must have adequate amount of resources which is required in the classes. Strong Communication Skills A teacher must know what to speak and how to speak so that it can be understandable by the students. A teacher must have verbal non-nonverbal cues. She/he must have oral and written communication skills in order to interact the students and support them through supportive work environment (Harris and Sass, 2011). Ability to collaborate Teachers must be understanding and be aware that learning must not be stopped. They must build a strong bonding with parents of the students and assist them to guide their career. They must have good relationships with other many school administrator and faculties in order to meet their goals and objectives (Peterson, 2017). Need of professionalism Professionalism in speech A professional is the one who speak with lots of confidence and also has also has the ability to use different language. They are the one who stand as the pillar of the society and create an example for others. They are usually experts in grammar and but that does not mean they are the robot who never makes any mistakes or can never have any fun in their life. They have an equal right to have fun and enjoy. They are generally faithful and lead a courageous life (Joseph, 2015). Professionalism in attitude There are certain things that are liked and disliked by many. Professionals create a positive attitude and help others to maintain a calm demeanor. They help others to hold their head high by educating them and creating a sense of happiness. If one has a positive attitude then it will help them to create sound work environment and vice versa. Professionalism online This is the one that really matters to discuss any point in today generation. If one can see. Everything is available online which is properly documented and can easily be searched. It is the professionals who put their thought sin it and make it more generous and readable. Some professionals make their own blogs and tweet information what is helpful to others as well. Poor professionalism There are many factors that create a poor professionalism. Some of them are Not letting students to complete their task and creating no reassurance of learning. It basically means students must be attracted to learn innovations and gather information. Being impolite to their students and other staff members (Ministry of Education, 2017). Creating favoritism with students. Math Education Educating students about the math education has successfully been done by the professionals. Educators usually teaches in classroom for better understanding rather than providing personal assistance. There are huge numbers of topics to be discussed, large number of discoveries, and several forms to learn those. It is a blessing to have a wide variety of knowledge within oneself and then let others educate. Getting education must be a challenging but educating others is more difficult because educating others need to reach their mind and conveying the message (Fuson, Clements and Sarama, 2015). The Math Myth Andrew Hackers The Math Myth and other many STEM Delusions simply aims at promoting the path which has been misguided and taken on the wrong direction (Drew, 2015). It was done many years back and it is very difficult to know how it was mis leaded and created no productive. So, to guide the path, Hacker started the business where he used to attack school mathematics in New York Times op-ed. Later he argued against that there is no use of algebra and it was totally wastage to introduce such calculation which have no future. He stated that algebra has a great and strong future and it can used effectively to solve millions of calculations. There are plenty of people who do not have strong memory and who suffers from math phobia but then under such circumstances, Hacker develop a chord and structed it in their minds. After that, introduction of book contracts was seen along with adulation (Robinson and Lubienski, 2011). After that, many people argued on the Hackers statements and responded to errors in a very negative way. For this, many educators from colleges and universities presented as an audience and argued on it. Some favored Hacker while some pointed him. Some said that the Hacker forgot the reason behind educating adults. Parents always expect that whatever their child learn must be used in future or should have some benefits. Learning must create opportunities and some personal traits are developed along with the knowledge. Later, the western tradition started along with this arguments in ancient Greece with Socrates. He stated that virtue lies on the central position while educating young. Aristotle said that happiness should be the end result of education. One must be happy to gain education. It plays a major role in maintaining an intellectual life. St. Augustine stated that one must be dependent on teachers to let us get every sort of information. He/she must be able to manage and get something of his own. It can be learned and cultivated from the inner heart is he/she wishes to do so. Rousseau argued and stated that children must be exposed to the real world when they start growing up and starting living in the society where they belong to (Zeichner, 2010). Later, Locke and Mill convinced that education must be well rounded and used as a tool which will enhance the intelligence which is mind is capable of and reduce the number of complexities that exists within the world. Many educators agreed upon it. It is pre assumed that in case of mathematics, the work depends on the numbers and knowledge system is developed as a part of package. Student is always considered as the center of the education and they learn a lot only when they are motivated and supported by the educators and the person who teaches them. Motivation is the key to success. If a student is motivated, he/she can easily set the concepts in the mind and explore them (McCarthy, 2017). Students will grow and develop intellectual stimulation when involved in learning. Generally it happens that students enhance their ability to face the failure and overcome through it. One must learn to how to handle difficult problems by putting plenty of efforts and get rid of it. Educators are working hard to improve what they are still doing. When it comes to mathematics teacher, they are also working hard to generate more numbers of classrooms, math circles and workshops and extra curriculum activities related to numbers. Educators are also working to introduce experiences that will benefit the students and motivate their critical thinking ability. This will also enable them to foster and overcome the complex problems (Demirbilek and Tamer, 2010). If any problem is solved correct, then it will be naturally inspiring. Educators are also working to develop set of curricular activities that will build up tomorrow nation and work as per their expectation. They are also talking to the parents and encouraging them to present their ideas that will make the classroom more effective and innovative (Pilgrim, and Thomas, 2017). How many individual think that the multiplication tables are invented just to torture the students? Linda Gojak was the president of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. He is one of the famous educators who speaks about the mathematics and its fluency used. He stated that these fluency is not accepted these days. Today people still remember that how the teachers in the school used to behave and punish the students. They still remember how teachers used to scold them which generated a negative memory till date. But because of this reason, reducing mathematics from the whole academic will definitely not be a good way. Math plays a major role in the curriculum because it helps one to think critically and apply something very logical. Let us visualize the current position of math education in United States. The math education is not ideal and used on the right direction as well. But the teachers, educators, parents, mathematicians, mathematics and researchers everyone is working hard to take it on the right way. The problem must be solved as soon as possible though I sis not that easy as it seems. There are huge number of complications and issues involved in it. Every revolution takes time and so does this revolution (Quora, 2014). Hacker stated that the students of high schools are failing to perform effectively and cannot even solve the simple numerical. But then teachers cannot always be blamed for it. Sometimes, students are responsible by their own to face such problems. It cannot be suggested that teachers should always put an effort to increase the literacy rate of a country and students must sit ideal. Teachers can only make the path but its the students who needs to walk on it. Hacker later said that quantitative literacy is very important than the qualitative literacy. And this can be done through education system. The role of math education in the education system must be one essential elements in the system (Larson, 2017). There are huge numbers who are saying that American democratic machine is not showing the actual results. So does that mean democracy should be given up? Definitely not. So does the math education. If it is not working properly, then removing it from the root is not the actual solution but improving its lagging factors is the right way. One must fight against the problem rather than running away from it (Uribe?Flrez and Wilkins, 2010). Today math education plays as a gateway who are involved in STEM jobs. Students can have more number of opportunities who learn math education as compared to other students. And when they grow up, they can be great mathematicians as well. They can also use many statistical tools along with computation ideas that will be used in future. Can one imagine the future without mathematics? The future will have to suffer without math education (Burton, 2011). Let us take an example, of a student wishes to drop math education later in his career then that does not mean that he/she will not have a bright future or cannot have a good job. It is that he/she will be prepared and make their decisions and prevail the opportunities accordingly where math education will not play a major role. The American education system is totally different from the other nation. Other nations believe that students must be taught on the early stage about the career opportunities. But America believe that students must be guided later. He/she must be capable enough to make choices and make decisions which is not possible by the school children. American education system is considered to be one of the best education the entire world. According to a study, it was found that poverty is the major problem of the public education. And the problem cannot be eradicated by removing math education from the curriculum. One must understand the power of math education and its limitations as well. One must know how to solve complex problems and grow many opportunities. Some well-known lines helps to know the importance of math education. Mathematics is where minds can be trained to do things properly. Mathematics is where one can learn critical ability and think analytically. Mathematics is where one can motivate other to explore more number of options available. These lines helps to focus on the importance of math education in the next generation and create a math cycle (Cvencek, Meltzoff and Greenwald, 2011). According to Anderson and Ronnkvist, in America, 56% of the elementary schools uses software to teach their students and enhance their skills. Likewise, 62% of the educators uses new and innovative mathematics skills to make their students learn. This shows the role of technology which is widely used in the education sector for the most effective and efficient results (Trede, 2012). The rate of students who prefer maths is decreasing day by day and year by year. This is caused due to the lack of tools which helps students to study their subject by their own. This will reduce the time consumed by the students to go to classes and learn things from teachers rather than sitting at home and learning by own. It generally happens that when there is a problem regarding maths, students get the solution but does not get how to solve the question by applying logics. All they know is how to get the correct solution (Hafferty, and Castellani, 2010). . So, learning at home will help them to recall all the thing that has already been taught once by the teachers. If we talk about science and English. It is not as tough as math because math needs practice which can be formed by solving huge number of problems and knowing the exact way how to solve it. Technology also plays a crucial role in the education sectors. Technology has made huge number of changes that has made students learn more. Today the way teachers teach and the way students learn is very different from the typical learning in the past. This has shifted the role of teachers and the students. Students are more active to learn and get appropriate information that will support their future. We can use technology in many ways in the education sector. Some of the ways can be making presentation, spreadsheets, databases, internet search, virtual display, use of important tools to assist disabled people and many more. Disabled students can use many tool that will help them to solve the complex problems with the help of technology (Ball, 1992). Similarly, many companies have developed their interest in introducing software in the education market. Several improvements has been implemented and availability of computers has reduced the time and cost of the practical solutions. Many soft wares are designed that solve the practical problems easily and reduce the complexity as well. Today using software to remove math problem is used in the entire world. Importance of Technology in Mathematics education Technology plays a major role in the math education. Use of computers helps to transfer message from one to another. Different tools are also used to resolve the query of the students. Tools are used by the teachers who make the students learn about the new techniques. Graphics concepts and computing concept is also widely used techniques. One of the most common technique is Math Teacher (Garfunkel and Mumford, 2011). Math Teacher is a software that helps to solve the maths problems and make the complex solution in a more simplified form. The students here can understand each steps clearly and develop strong concepts. This software also include sample problems with solutions. Thus it can concluded that educations sector plays a major role to build ones career and create opportunities in the future. Maths education must be used in education in any curriculum because math education helps to solve the complex problems and give a more simplified form of any problems. References Ball, D.L., 1992. Magical hopes: Manipulatives and the reform of math education. American Educator: the professional journal of the American Federation of Teachers, 16(2). Brenda, 2010, The Qualities of a Truly Professional Teacher, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.eslemployment.com/articles/the-qualities-of-a-truly-professional-teacher-413.html Burton, D., 2011. The history of mathematics: An introduction. McGraw-Hill Companies. Cvencek, D., Meltzoff, A.N. and Greenwald, A.G., 2011. Mathgender stereotypes in elementary school children. Child development, 82(3), pp.766-779. Demirbilek, M. and Tamer, S.L., 2010. Math teachers perspectives on using educational computer games in math education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, pp.709-716. Drew, D.E., 2015. STEM the tide: Reforming science, technology, engineering, and math education in America. JHU Press. Epstein, D. and Miller, R.T., 2011. Slow off the Mark: Elementary School Teachers and the Crisis in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education. Center for American Progress. Fuson, K.C., Clements, D.H. and Sarama, J., 2015. Making early math education work for all children. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(3), pp.63-68. Garfunkel, S. and Mumford, D., 2011. How to fix our math education. The New York Times, p.A27. Hafferty, F.W. and Castellani, B., 2010. The increasing complexities of professionalism. Academic Medicine, 85(2), pp.288-301. Harris, D.N. and Sass, T.R., 2011. Teacher training, teacher quality and student achievement. Journal of public economics, 95(7-8), pp.798-812. Joseph, C., 2015, Characteristics of Professionalism, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/10-characteristics-professionalism-708.html Larson, M., 2017, Math Education Is STEM Education, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.nctm.org/News-and-Calendar/Messages-from-the-President/Archive/Matt-Larson/Math-Education-Is-STEM-Education!/ McCarthy, D., 2017, Understanding the Behaviors that Showcase Workplace Professionalism, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-workplace-professionalism-2275961 Ministry of Education, 2017, What Personal Professional Characteristics Are Necessary for Effective Teaching, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://education.gov.gy/web/index.php/teachers/tips-for-teaching/item/2788-what-personal-professional-characteristics-are-necessary-for-effective-teaching Peterson, A., 2017, Top five qualities of effective teachers, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.pearsoned.com/top-five-qualities-effective-teachers/ Pilgrim, M. and Thomas, D., 2017, How math education can catch up to the 21st century, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://theconversation.com/how-math-education-can-catch-up-to-the-21st-century-77129 Porcupile, D., 2015, what is PROFESSIONALISM? What does Professionalism mean to you, viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-professionalism-does-mean-you-daniel-w-porcupile Quora, 2014, What's Wrong with Math Education in the U.S., viewed on 19th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.slate.com/blogs/quora/2014/02/25/math_education_in_the_u_s_what_we_re_doing_wrong.html Robinson, J.P. and Lubienski, S.T., 2011. The development of gender achievement gaps in mathematics and reading during elementary and middle school: Examining direct cognitive assessments and teacher ratings. American Educational Research Journal, 48(2), pp.268-302. Trede, F., 2012. Role of work-integrated learning in developing professionalism and professional identity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 13(3), pp.159-167. Uribe?Flrez, L.J. and Wilkins, J.L., 2010. Elementary school teachers' manipulative use. School Science and Mathematics, 110(7), pp.363-371. Zeichner, K., 2010. Rethinking the connections between campus courses and field experiences in college-and university-based teacher education. Journal of teacher education, 61(1-2), pp.89-99.

Economic Policies United Arab Emirates and World Trade Organisation

Trade and Commerce Trade and commerce has an underlying effect on the economy of the world as a whole. The effects of this phenomenon result from the different economic principles put in place by governments and other agencies to ensure international trade is free and fair. Krugman and Wells (2012) cite a number of economic policies that are fundamental components of international trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Policies: United Arab Emirates and World Trade Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the current paper, the author discusses various economic policies, such as price ceilings, price floors, and tariffs. The policies are discussed in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The author examines minimum wage and rent laws in UAE as components of price ceilings and price floors. The author also analyses a number of policies formulated by the World Trade Organisation (herein re ferred to as WTO) and the recently concluded Bali talks. Government Policies in UAE: Price Floors, Price Ceilings, and Unit Taxes United Arab Emirates’ Policy on Minimum Wage The law Labour regulations in UAE are outlined in Federal Law no. 8 of 1980 (UAE labour law, 2001). The minimum wage is covered in chapter 3 of this law. The law sets a cap on the wage that a labourer can seek from their employer in form of remuneration. The law defines wage as the cumulative costs incurred by an individual as living expenses. The cost is arrived at using a formula stipulated in the labour contract. The law and minimum wage According to UAE Labour Law (n.d.), minimum wage is not clearly defined. However, minimum wage is generally set at Dhs.4000. The assumption is that an individual will not be able to sustain their life below this income level. Eligibility to minimum wage The law on minimum wage covers all persons working in the UAE. The implication is that all industries that provide e mployment in the country are covered by this law (UAE labour law, 2001). Industries concerned The law is applicable to all industries operating within the UAE (UAE labour law, 2001). The booming logistical, oil, and hospitality sectors are some of the areas covered by this law.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The binding power of the minimum wage law Regardless of the legitimacy of the law on minimum wage, it is not binding to certain industries and occupations. The law stipulates that civil servants, members of the security forces, domestic workers, and farmers are not covered by this policy (UAE labour law, 2001). Minimum wage laws in other Gulf Cooperation Countries According to Peck (2010), Gulf Cooperation Countries (herein referred to as GCC) is a group made up of 6 nations. They include Oman, Qatar, and the UAE. The others are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain. Out of the six countries, it is only Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE that have put in place legal structures to address the issue of minimum wage. Rent Control Laws in Abu Dhabi and Dubai Implications of the rent control laws Krugman and Wells (2012) explain price ceilings as situations where the government puts a limit on the highest cost of a commodity. The rent laws in Abu Dhabi and Dubai are examples of this economic policy. Law no. 33 of 2008 (BetterHomes, n.d.) stipulates the permissible levels of increase in rent. For instance, the law provides for a maximum of 5% increase in rent for a property that was previously rented out at 36% of its value. What this means is that the rent laws in these two cities constitute a price ceiling policy. Overview of the rent control laws Bowman (2013) points out that in Abu Dhabi, rent control laws require the tenant and the landlord to agree on rent. In the absence of this agreement, the landlord is allowed by law to increase the rent annually by 5%. A ceiling is set to regulate the increase. However, the law is silent on how high the rent should be maintained. With regards to Dubai, BetterHomes (n.d.) cites the city’s caveat on increasing rent. The caveat covers people who were renting property valued at 25% below the average index in 2009. The element of price ceilings is observed in Dubai since the authorities forbid rent increments for certain groups of tenants. Trade and Trade Tariffs Trade Regulations Globalisation has made international trade an essential component of world economies. Trade regulations may hinder the process of international trade. Krugman and Wells (2012) cite the introduction of certain tariffs as potential barriers to international trade. Consequently, it is important to enhance uniformity in trade regulations. Oversight bodies, such as the WTO, are formed to address this issue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Policies: United Arab Emirates and World Trade Or ganisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The World Trade Organisation The need to regulate international trade necessitated the formation of the WTO. The body was formed in 1995 (World Trade Organisation, 2011). The organisation is a global body that is charged with the responsibility of creating and enforcing rules of trade among the member countries. The body is composed of key stakeholders in international trade. It acts as a platform on which various issues related to international trade are discussed. The organisation is characterised by different agreements arrived at through rigorous negotiation processes. Each of these agreements is usually ratified by the legislative bodies of the member states (World Trade Organisation, 2011). The major objective of WTO is to enhance fair international trade practices. The legitimacy of the organisation is attained through various core principles. The principles include non-discrimination , transparency, and binding and enforceable commitments. Trade ministers drawn from member countries met recently and ratified a new treaty in Bali (Mehra, 2013). The treaty was an indication of the commitment by WTO to establish a level playing field in international trade. With the help of technocrats from WTO, the ministers arrived at an agreement aimed at improving trade through a universal consensus. The Bali Trade Agreements As aforementioned, WTO is a platform through which stakeholders in international trade engage each other to address issues that affect the global economy. Accordingly, the body has designated special sittings through which trade ministers meet to discuss various trade related policies (World Trade Organisation, 2011). Here, trade ministers meet to negotiate and deliberate on various treaties. According to Mehra (2013), the most recent session was held in Bali between 3rd and 6th December, 2013. It was the 9th session. The Bali session was a follow-up to a previous one held in Doha (Mehra, 2013). The objective of this session was to establish a consensus between the developing nations with regards to a number of issues related to trade.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fergusson (2011) points out that these talks were seen as the long awaited solution to the Doha Development Agenda talks that commenced in 2001. At the core of these talks was the need to harmonise various tariffs and other trade policies. The major agreement in the ‘Bali Package’ was in the area of trade facilitation (World Trade Organisation, 2013). In this regard, the ministers ratified the proposal to hasten custom procedures. In addition, the ministers called for increased transparency in custom practices. The trade facilitation aspect of the agreement was meant to reduce bureaucracy and corruption through the adoption of technology. Developing nations stand to benefit from the infrastructure envisaged in this treaty. Another agreement realised from the Bali talks involves food security. The trade ministers reached a consensus on matters to do with agriculture (World Trade Organisation, 2013). The ministers agreed to shield nations that stock their produce for the purposes of food security from penalties. The contents of the agreement revolved around key issues like non-violation complaints and electronic commerce. The agreements on regular work also covered proposals for ‘aid for trade’ where developing nations are to be assisted in terms of trade (World Trade Organization, 2013). Effects of the Bali Agreements on the UAE The Bali agreements are highly regarded owing to the fact that they are binding and enforceable (Mehra, 2013). Consequently, nations like the UAE are affected by these agreements with regards to agriculture and e-commerce. Bowman (2013) cites the growing need to address the issue of food security in the region. Currently, the odds are against the UAE and Dubai since they rely on the generosity of food producers to import food products to the region. References BetterHomes. The rental increase cap- An update on tenancy law.  Web. Bowman, D. (2013). Abu Dhabi rent controls and lease renewals. Web. Fergusson, I. (2011). World Trade Organisation negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Krugman, P., Wells, R. (2012). Microeconomics. New York: Worth Publishers. Mehra, T. (2013). In Bali, ministers put the world back into the WTO. Web. Peck, C. (2010). The A to Z of Gulf Arab states. Lanham: Scarecrow Press Inc. UAE Labour Law. UAE labour law. Web. UAE labour law: Federal law No. 8 of 1980 labour law and its amendments. (2001). Web. World Trade Organisation. (2011). Understanding the WTO. Geneva: World Trade Organisation Information and External Relations Division. World Trade Organisation. (2013). Days 3, 4 and 5: Round the clock consultations produce ‘Bali Package’.  Web. This essay on Economic Policies: United Arab Emirates and World Trade Organisation was written and submitted by user Jason Mcbride to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Glycoprotein Definition and Function

Glycoprotein Definition and Function A glycoprotein is a type of protein molecule that has had a carbohydrate attached to it. The process either occurs during protein translation or as a posttranslational modification in a process called glycosylation. The carbohydrate is an oligosaccharide chain (glycan) that is covalently bonded to the polypeptide side chains of the protein. Because of the -OH groups of sugars, glycoproteins are more hydrophilic than simple proteins. This means glycoproteins are more attracted to water than ordinary proteins. The hydrophilic nature of the molecule also leads to the characteristic folding of the proteins tertiary structure. The carbohydrate is a short molecule, often branched, and may consist of: simple sugars (e.g., glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose)amino sugars (sugars that have an amino group, such as N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine)acidic sugars (sugars that have a carboxyl group, such as sialic acid or N-acetylneuraminic acid) O-Linked and N-Linked Glycoproteins Glycoproteins are categorized according to the attachment site of the carbohydrate to an amino acid in the protein. O-linked glycoproteins are ones in which the carbohydrate bonds to the oxygen atom (O) of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the R group of either the amino acid threonine or serine. O-linked carbohydrates may also bond to hydroxylysine or hydroxyproline. The process is termed O-glycosylation. O-linked glycoproteins are bound to sugar within the Golgi complex.N-linked glycoproteins have a carbohydrate bonded to the nitrogen (N) of the  amino group (-NH2) of the R group of the amino acid asparagine. The R group is usually the amide side chain of asparagine. The bonding process is called N-glycosylation. N-linked glycoproteins gain their sugar from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and then are transported to the Golgi complex for modification. While O-linked and N-linked glycoproteins are the most common forms, other connections are also possible: P-glycosylation occurs when the sugar attaches to the phosphorus of phosphoserine.C-glycosylation is when the sugar attaches to the carbon atom of amino acid. An example is when the sugar mannose bonds to the carbon in tryptophan.Glypiation is when a  glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid attaches to the carbon terminus of a polypeptide. Glycoprotein Examples and Functions Glycoproteins function in the structure, reproduction, immune system, hormones, and protection of cells and organisms. Glycoproteins are found on the surface of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Their hydrophilic nature allows them to function in the aqueous environment, where they act in cell-cell recognition and binding of other molecules. Cell surface glycoproteins are also important for cross-linking cells and proteins (e.g., collagen) to add strength and stability to a tissue. Glycoproteins in plant cells are what allows plants to stand upright against the force of gravity. Glycosylated proteins are not just critical for  intercellular communication. They also help organ systems communicate with each other. Glycoproteins are found in brain gray matter, where they work together with axons and synaptosomes. Hormones  may be glycoproteins. Examples include human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and erythropoietin (EPO). Blood clotting depends on the glycoproteins prothrombin, thrombin, and fibrinogen. Cell markers may be glycoproteins. The MN blood groups are due to two polymorphic forms of the glycoprotein glycophorin A. The two forms differ only by two amino acid residues, yet that is enough to cause problems for persons receiving an organ donated by someone with a different blood group. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and H antigen of the ABO blood group are distinguished by glycosylated proteins. Glycophorin A is also important because its the attachment site for Plasmodium falciparum, a human blood parasite. Glycoproteins are important for reproduction because they allow for the binding of the sperm cell to the surface of the egg. Mucins are glycoproteins found in mucus. The molecules protect sensitive epithelial surfaces, including the respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts. The immune response relies on glycoproteins. The carbohydrate of antibodies (which are glycoproteins) determines the specific antigen it can bind. B cells and T cells have surface glycoproteins which bind antigens, as well. Glycosylation Versus Glycation Glycoproteins get their sugar from an enzymatic process that forms a molecule that would not function otherwise. Another process, called glycation, covalently bonds sugars to proteins and lipids. Glycation is not an enzymatic process. Often, glycation reduces or negates the function of the affected molecule. Glycation naturally occurs during aging and is accelerated in diabetic patients with high glucose levels in their blood. References and Suggested Reading Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer (2002).  Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York. 5th edition: pg. 306-309.Ivatt, Raymond J. (1984)  The Biology of Glycoproteins. Plenum Press: New York.

Marketing strategies and tools that affect hotel sales Literature review

Marketing strategies and tools that affect hotel sales - Literature review Example In most of the business organizations, marketing communication strategies are found to be in integrated form in the sense that it combines several aspects together. Just like has the broad area of marketing itself, marketing communication also has a mix. Under a marketing communications mix, different elements of communications are incorporated in different quantities to form a campaign. A marketing communications mix comprises of elements like sales promotion, publicity, advertising, direct marketing, e-marketing, branding, and sponsorships and so on. All these elements are generally referred to as marketing communications tools. One wants to become successful financially for this all spheres of business, such as in hotel industry, should have their own respective strategies through which they will carry out their plans. This chapter is based on the effective differences and similarities between the product based and the service based marketing. Along with detail discussion of certa in terms and concepts, we shall also provide you with some samples on target advertisement, which will be created by us to examine group marketing and leisure. Lastly, what we shall do is to check on the areas where there shall be future prospect and growth opportunities may exist. (Imrie and Fyall, 2001; Dev, Zhou, Brown and Agarwal, 2009; Leong, 2008; Bell, 1993; ).... The Differences between Marketing and Sales Sales and marketing are both critical concepts and very important. The involvement of marketing is more. Marketing process includes sales, but marketing is a long-term process and is strategic in nature. The target market includes some specific activities of sale present in the market plan. Advertisements forms the most common part of strategies oriented in tangible marketing. If you have the advertisement setup in an effective condition, the foundations for the department of sales are laid then for the business. Well, this is true that advertisement forms only a single entity, a large, albeit internal part of marketing. (Sin et al. 2006) The Four P’s of Marketing – the Marketing Mix The definition of marketing mix is given as factors, which play an influential role in the process of sales. If they are combined with each other then they become a strategy, which are thereby controllable as marketing tools. These marketing tools are designed for the creation of demand for the various services and products. (Dev etc al, 2007) Product: the tangible as well as the intangible aspects are featured or designed. Place: the process of accessibility of the various hospitability products in the defined area. Promotion: effectiveness on the masses of the various products or the ability to sales in a proper way Price: every target market has a rate to pay for the product as well as the hotel prices, banquets and other areas for negotiation (where one receives management services). (Oh and Pizam, 2008; Bowie and Buttle, 2004) You will get to see it in figure 1, which deals with various ways and techniques these suggested four P’s work in the field to yield the most out of the market

Entrepreneurial Crime and the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation Essay

Entrepreneurial Crime and the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation - Essay Example National organizations have loopholes are due to geographical and spatial complexities and the fact that different cultures and legal systems are brought together (Acs & Szerb, 2007). Trade involving international players should be ethical and regulated by law. In the spirit of the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation, auditing accuracy, financial accuracy and operations between such entities and individuals must be undertaken in a clear and plausible manner to avoid fraudulent engagement (Acs & Szerb, 2007). On the contrary, the Fumitake Nishi, a former employee of the Tile Shop Holdings, Inc., and brother-in-law of the Company CEO colluded with another Chinese company where he was a majority shareholder to indulge in multiple practices that were unethical and fraudulent (Anderson, 2014). Even though, the audit did not reveal any substantial embezzlement of company funds, the vendor relationships and sourcing practices were unethical and tantamount to a contravention of law. (Acs & Szerb, 200 7). Incentive compensation practices that the Beijing Pingxiu (BP) indulged in were detestable because they meddled in the company’s vendor practices by yielding operations that unorthodox and fraudulent (Anderson, 2014). Many funds were paid into the victim’s private bank account by the company to secure the vendor deals. The process was prohibited because it denied conventional operators business opportunity over the course of time they operated the business (Acs & Szerb, 2007).

Crime Scenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime Scenes - Essay Example Crime scene processing is the real act of processing the scene of a crime in the field with the term processing referring to the complete task of examining, sketching, photographing and utilizing field procedures to identify, assess, document/record, process and collect physical, fingerprint and testimonial evidence. Crime scene investigation involves logic, science and law and it is necessary to put into consideration the fact that every crime scene, piece of evidence and the approach of investigation differ. However, in all crime scenes, there is a basic protocol or tasks to which the initial responding officer at a crime scene should adhere. Travis and his co-authors assert that one of the principal aspects of ensuring that the crime scene is secure is to preserve it with minimal disturbance and contamination of physical evidence. The primary response to an incident is normally systematic and expeditious. Following his arrival, the initial responding officer should carry out his f irst responsibility of evaluating the scene.

Prototype of 3D Cadaster Polygonal Model

Prototype of 3D Cadaster Polygonal Model Abhijit Gujar Table of Contents 1.Introduction 1.1.Background and Justification 1.2.Literature review 1.2.1.Review on concept though and ideas 1.2.2.Review on approaches 1.3.Research problem 1.4.Research objective 1.4.1.General objective 1.4.2.Specific objective 1.5.Research questions 1.6.Research limitations 2.Research design and methods 2.1.Study area 2.2.Data 2.3.Software and hardware requirement 2.4.Research design matrix 3.Framework 3.1.Research framework 3.2.Thesis framework 3.3.Work plan framework 4.Reference 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and Justification Urbanization is an inevitable part of the economic development process for any country and is considered a global phenomenon (Rigg et al., 2009) . However, it is only in recent years that the rate of urbanization has begun to accelerate. More than half of the world population is dwelling in urban area. Urbanization is one of the inevitable phenomenon right now, as the result of this there is need and growth of high rise buildings which are having many types of uses and new types of shared ownership and also underground infrastructure such as sewage, train tunnels (subway), electrical and communication network is becoming dense and complex more over multi-use of land parcel creates new problems and challenges. (Jazayeri, Rajabifard, Kalantari, 2014) Traditionally the land parcel information which includes geometric, visual and legal data is managed in 2D. It is difficult in 2D map to make simple operation such as volume of space, cannot perform various spatial analysis that is necessary in various other field of urban planning as the data is in 2D. 3D visualization for dissemination is very difficult using just the 2D data in cadaster system (Mohamed Anders, 2012). This is where the 3D cadaster comes into light.endi One of the biggest hurdle in developing the 3D cadaster is the creating the 3D building geometry representation that are suitable for 3D cadaster. Although there are CAD model available that represent the 3D blue print of the building, the real on ground situation can be different then what is on the CAD model so it is necessary to calculate the 3D measurements of actual built building. I want to research how we can create a 3D model that is suitable for 3D cadaster, one of the possible methods can be using laser scanning data. Laser scanning data has very high accuracy which is suitable for land administration needs. AHN -2 (Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland) is the project in Netherlands that aims to collect high resolution laser data of entire country (van der Sande, Soudarissanane, Khoshelham, 2010). Although AHN-2 data is accurate the point density is not enough to be able to convert it into a polygonal geometry model as the AHN-2 is taken from high altitude it covers the roof of buildings adequately but the facades of the building generally have less point density which results in anomalies. The proposed solution to take multiple images of the building from all the sides (facades) to construct a point cloud of that building, the minimum number of images required will be analyzed using techniques discussed in (Alsadik, B., Gerke, M., Vosselman, G., Daham, A., Jasim, L. ,2014), then register this point cloud with the AHN-2 point cloud then this point cloud is used to generate 3D model 1.2. Literature review This section talks about the concepts, ideas that are discussed throughout this proposal. Cadaster: Urbanization is a process by which town cities are slowly transformed from rural form to urban form 3D cadaster: Cadaster registers real status of real estate objects until now the spatial information use to register the legal status of land in two dimensional systems that is a parcel is defined by 2D juridical boundaries. 3D cadaster What is a 3D Model A 3D Model is a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional object (real or imagined) in a 3D software environment. Unlike a 2D image, 3D models can be viewed in specialized software suites from any angle, and can be scaled, rotated, or freely modified. The process of creating and shaping a 3D model is known as 3d modeling Laser scanning Laser scanning is technique of controlled deflection of laser beam visible or invisible to capture the information of target in 3D from airborne or terrestrial platform. Airborne laser scanning is carried out from aircraft while terrestrial laser scanning can be done from a stationary or moving platform. Point cloud: point cloud is a set of 3D points in the same coordinate system. Often intended to represent a external surface of an object. Point cloud file is just the set of numbers representing X, Y, Z in coordinate system. Point cloud registration: Point cloud registration is a process of merging 2 separate point cloud having different origin and into one . Stratified sampling method: Stratified is probability sampling technique in which the researcher divides the entire population into different groups and then sample is collected from equally from each group. So that the selected sample can represent the population well. 1.3. Problem statement In past recent years there has been a lot of development in 3D. Netherlands is actively promoting for participation of over 65 private, public and scientific organizations to promote the use of 3D information covering issues such as acquisition, standardization, storage and use (Elberink, Stoter, Ledoux, Commandeur, 2013). Although there are many paper that suggest different methods to extract building from point cloud I want to look into alternative way of designing a 3D model of building by combining two point cloud from different sources. 1.4. Motivation 1.5. Research objective Research objectives are divided into general objective and specific objective. General objective is overall goal of research and specific objective are the objectives that are needed to complete general objective. 1.5.1. General objective To develop and test a prototype of 3D cadaster Polygonal model of building by combing the AHN-2 data with point cloud created by multiple high quality images of the building from all the facades. 1.5.2. Specific objective To formalize a benchmark for constructing a prototype 3D modelof buildingsatisfying the requirement for 3D cadaster. To create a prototype 3D model of a building using the benchmark. To evaluate applicability of developed 3D model based on developed benchmark. 1.6. Research questions Specific objective 1: To formalize a benchmark for constructing a prototype 3D model of building satisfying the requirement for 3D cadaster. What are important feature, constrain and requirement to construct a 3D model of a building for 3D cadaster? What are the criteria of sampling buildings (e.g height, type, length, width, building complexity of structure) Specific objective 2: To create a prototype 3D model of a building using thebenchmark. Which image processing techniques are better for 3D cadaster? Which is appropriate 3D model for 3D cadaster? And why? (wireframe , surface or solid) Specific objective 3: To evaluate applicability of developed 3D model based ondeveloped benchmark. What is the strength and weakness of derived 3D model? What are the reasons of strength and weakness? How can we access the accuracy (X,Y) of the 3D model using the existing 2D cadastral database? How can we access the accuracy (Z) of the 3D model using the CAD model? What are the possible recommendations to improve developed method? 1.7. Research limitations The current research limits extracting the model of building from the exterior of the building and does not covers the interior design and structure of the building. 2. Research design and methods In this section briefly describes the how the research will attempt to accomplish the formulated research questions. It includes the description of study area, people, data requirement, software to be used, proposed workflow/methodology. 2.1. Study area Study area for this project is Enschede. Results from the specific objective one will be used to select sample building of different type, height, volume so that it can represent the building population well. 2.2. Data Data description Data use Data source Airborne laser data for study area To create model PDOK Images of building taken from all the sides For Image base modeling field work CAD model of the building To assess accuracy (z) of developed model Cadaster, Netherlands. 2D Cadastral data of the selected buildings To assess accuracy (x,y) of developed model Cadaster, Netherlands. 2.3. Software and hardware requirement Software / Hardware Use/ application PCM Point cloud segmentation, manipulation and visual interpretation ImageModeler To convert point cloud to 3D model Matlab Coordinate system transformation 3DF Samantha AutoCAD CAD model analysis Endnote Reference management Microsoft Word Thesis preparation Professional camera To capture building images 2.4. Research design matrix Research Sub-Objective Research Question Research Method Required input data Anticipated Output To determine important factors for constructing 3D model ofbuilding satisfying the requirement for 3D cadaster. What are important feature, constrain and requirement to construct a 3D model of a building for 3D cadaster? Literature review, expert consultation, Case study, previous research papers, Case study, Literature, research paper, sample data from cadaster. List of important characteristics/functions/ features. In order to select the buildings for modeling, what are the parameters of sampling (selection)? Stratified sampling method Building type database Selection of types of building to study for modeling To create a prototype 3D model of a building. How can we create a point cloud from the images of building? Literature review, expert consultation, Case study, previous research papers High quality images of the building from all facades. Point cloud data How can we filter unwanted data (noise) from both of the point cloud? Literature review, expert consultation, Case study, previous research papers Two point cloud from previous objective Noise free point cloud How can we create a 3D model of building from point cloud? Literature review, expert consultation, Case study, previous research papers Noise free point cloud 3D model of a building To evaluate applicability of developed 3D model in context of 3D cadaster standards derived from objective one. What is the strength and weakness of derived 3D model? What are the reasons of strength and weakness? Comparison with the result derived from first objective. Visual and statistical analysis. Output from the first objective. Output from second objective. A summarizing list of strength and weakness of the derived output, discussion, conclusion and recommendation. How can we access the accuracy (X,Y) of the 3D model using the existing 2D Kadastral database? Output from second objective. Database for that specific building from Kadaster Table of accuracy analysis. How can we access the accuracy (Z) of the 3D model using the CAD model? Output from second objective. CAD model of same building 3. Framework Framework is structure to organize concepts or steps of the research process for better communication with intended readers. 3.1. Research framework Research framework will depict the overall structure and sequence of the major activities, task within each activity are of equal importance and cannot be skipped. Figure 2: Research Framework 3.2. Thesis framework Thesis framework describes and introduces the chapters that will be included in the main thesis. Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter one offers the justification background of research it also discusses the research problem, research objective, research questions, any previous work done related to this research Chapter 2: Literature Review and concepts Chapter two will go more deep into the concepts and the terms their meaning.Various terminology used in research. Chapter 3: 3D Cadaster In this chapter we will talk about what is 3D cadaster? Why it is useful? Which countries are implementing/ implemented 3D cadaster? How these countries have implemented it? Chapter 6: Field work This chapter discuses about the pre field work and field work . Chapter 5: Source of 3D data In this chapter we will discuss about the various sources of the 3d data that are available in Netherlands. We will compare the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Chapter 6: Technique of modeling In this chapter we will discuss about the various methods, procedure, software’s, algorithms related to 3D modeling. Chapter 7: Accuracy assessment In this chapter we will discuss technique and method of analysis and comparison of the derived model with the benchmark that we obtained from the first objective of research. Chapter 8: Prototype In this chapter we will display the obtained results and then will discuss the finding of the prototype. Chapter 9: Conclusion and Recommendation This chapter consists of the conclusion derived from the results and recommendation for further improvement. 3.3. Work plan framework Work plan framework depicts the activity and time allocated for each activity. Table 1: Work Plan 4. Reference Elberink, S. O., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Commandeur, T. (2013). Generation and Dissemination of a National Virtual 3D City and Landscape Model for the Netherlands. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 79(2), 147-158. Jazayeri, I., Rajabifard, A., Kalantari, M. (2014). A geometric and semantic evaluation of 3D data sourcing methods for land and property information. Land Use Policy, 36(0), 219-230. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.08.004 Mohamed, E.-M., Anders, Ãâ€". (2012). Feasibility of Building Information Models for 3D Cadastre in Unified City Models. International Journal of E-Planning Research (IJEPR), 1(4), 35-58. doi: 10.4018/ijepr.2012100103 van der Sande, C., Soudarissanane, S., Khoshelham, K. (2010). Assessment of Relative Accuracy of AHN-2 Laser Scanning Data Using Planar Features. Sensors, 10(9), 8198-8214. doi: 10.3390/s100908198 Rigg, J., Bebbington, A., Gough, K. V, Bryceson, D. F., Agergaard, J., Fold, N., Tacoli, C. (2009). The World Development Report 2009 â€Å"reshapes economic geography†: geographical reflections. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34(2), 128–136. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00340.x FACULTY OF GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION – UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE

Nothings Changed :: Afrika Culture Cultural Poems Poetry Essays

Nothings Changed In ‘nothings changed’ Afrika describes the cultural difference between coloured people and whites. He represents this by using many different poetic techniques, he does this by emphasising that there is a cultural difference between them, he shows this by using a small village in Africa called District six. The Title of the poem suggests that when the whites destroyed District six and built a new village, for coloured and whites to mix, it did not work. He shows this with the feeling of being unwelcome, in the village that used to be his home when he was a child. In this poem the cultures are divided because of wealth and power. In stanza 1, Afrika clearly builds up a sense of his anger at the continuing injustice. As he walks through District six, once so familiar to him, he feels an outsider. He begins his poem with short monosyllabic words, ‘small round stones’, which adds a feeling of sharpness to the tone which suggests his anger. In addition, the onomatopoeia word ‘click’ emphasises his anger because of his sharp aggressive ‘ck’ sound. Secondly he begins to use harsh and aggressive words, for example the word ‘thrust’ is a very harsh and unwelcome word, and it sounds very violent and aggressive. In this poem Afrika uses the symbol of â€Å"weeds† as the weeds are unwelcome, the weeds and Afrika are similar because they are unwelcome as they are both outsiders. Afrika’s hatred for what he believes it continually discriminated, this it shown as a symbol with the ‘whites only inn’, Afrika uses a word ‘brash’ which shows his vulgar, garnish and ostentations into appearance. Also alliteration is used in ‘guards at the gatepost’ with its aggressive ‘g’ sound, to reveal how intimidating it feels. Secondly there is a sense of unwelcome ness this is symbolised with the imported trees, menus and luxury foods; additionally there is repetition of the word ‘glass’ this symbolises a barrier physical and psychological as he is not allowed in. In the poem ‘nothings changed’, Afrika compares the working-mans cafe to the up-market restaurant. He compares the imported trees, menu, to the cheap and basic cafe, this is shown by when he says ‘we know where we belong’, and this says that he knows that he can’t go into the up-market restaurant because of laws and feels that he doesn’t fit in there. Also in this stanza there is also a symbol ‘it’s in the bone’, this symbolises that his culture is inside like it is imbedded inside him, he also shows this by saying ‘wipe your fingers on your jeans’ it

The Quiet American

The Quiet American In The Quiet American Grahm Green writes of a complex love triangle taking place in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He chooses Thomas Fowler as the protagonist to tell the story from a biased point of view. From the beginning, Fowler proclaims that he is objective. As the story progresses he is eventually gives into the desire to take action and get involved. It is not until after this climax that Fowler finally realizes and admits to himself that he cannot simply remain aloof his entire life.Green’s use of Fowler as an unstable narrator effectively depicts the complexity of human motive and how difficult it is to be honest, even to oneself. Fowler is a British journalist who has been working in Vietnam for several years. Living in an extremely controversial era in the middle of all the action, Fowler insists on remaining â€Å"not involved† (20). Fowler is a â€Å"reporter,† as opposed to a â€Å"correspondent,† for he reports what he s ees and â€Å"[takes] no action† (20). He often likes to sit across the street form the milk-bar and just observe.Watching people of all shapes and colors go about their normal lives, Fowler does nothing himself, but simply watches. He even uses opium to achieve a state of complete impassiveness about the world and everything around him. Just a single pipe could make Fowler grow indifferent to the â€Å"presence or absence† of his lover (6); several more and he cannot decide whether his own death would be good or bad. Opium allows him to convince even himself that he really is indifferent to all that which goes on around him.He prides himself on remaining detached and not taking sides, saying it is â€Å"an article of [his] creed† (20). Based on his determination to be merely an observer, Fowler should make a fine narrator. Impartial and neutral, he would tell the story as is without even an opinions to cloud his mind, for â€Å"even an opinion is a kind of act ion† (20). Despite Fowler’s efforts, it soon becomes impossible for him to remain stagnant. When the opportunity is offered to him, he resolves to participate in a plot to murder Alden Pyle. He justifies his decision with the fact that Pyle has caused much trouble and disaster.He is so naive that he does not realize the extent of what he has done, and even with the death of so many people on his hands, â€Å"he’ll always be innocent, [and] you can’t blame the innocent†(155). Fowler convinces himself that Pyle as a threat to society and â€Å"all you can do is†¦ eliminate him. Innocence is a kind of insanity†(155). However, his reasoning is questionable, for there are personal motives involved as well. Fowler does not want Phuong to leave him and marry Pyle. His wife had already made it clear that she will not give him a divorce.Though he cannot marry her himself, he is selfish and wishes everything to stay the way it is. When Phuong and her sister find out that Fowler’s wife remains insistent on her refusal of his request for a divorce, things start to turn against him. Phuong moves out and plans to marry Pyle. Fowler, devastated, has increased reason to want Pyle dead. In fact, the two men talk of how Phuong is â€Å"the most important thing there is† right before Fowler makes up his mind to open the book at the window and call the whole plan to action (169).It is clear that Fowler does not make his decision based solely on political grounds. Slowly, as the story goes on, Fowler starts to realize that it is impossible to stay indifferent of everything around him. â€Å"Sooner or later, one has to take sides if one is to remain human† (166). After he decides to engage in the ploy to kill Pyle, he recognizes that â€Å"[he] had become as engaged as Pyle† (175). Fowler has assumed his role in the game. He can no longer hide behind his insistence that he is neutral and â€Å"no decision wo uld ever be simple again. Stubborn as he was before about not taking sides, Fowler realizes that he â€Å"had judged like a journalist†¦ and betrayed [his] own principles† (175); he is honest to himself when he finally crosses the line into partiality. After Pyle’s death Fowler tells Phuong that he is sorry. She does not catch the significance of his apology, but he says that though â€Å"everything had gone right for [him] since [Alden] had died†¦ [he] wished there existed someone to whom [he] could say that [he] was sorry†(180). Fowler sees clearly the magnitude of what he has done.He takes responsibility for his actions and feels remorse. The instability of Fowler’s narration depicts the extraordinary intricacy of individual drive. It is never clear the reasons that Fowler makes many of his decisions, often not even to himself. Does he kill Pyle out of political concern, or compassion for the Vietnamese people? Does he do it out of love for P huong, or is it simply lust? These questions, to some degree a mystery even to Fowler himself, are emphasized by his unreliable narration.Unclear intentions are not limited to just the narrator. When Pyle saves Fowler’s life, his motives are ambiguous as well. One may assume that based on Pyle’s simple personality, his purposes are most likely be pure and genuine. He probably saved Fowler because it was in his power and it was the right thing to do. But Fowler suspects Pyle to be more calculating, that he planned to emerge a hero from the ordeal and win Phuong over in that way. Human motives are quite often multi-layered and difficult to understand.Graham makes the peculiar choice of telling a story from the prejudiced point of view of someone whose personal life is tangled in the mess of the story. Fowler starts out determined to stay impartial as a reporter and a person in general. However, as events occur and his happiness is put on the line, he gets drawn in and ta kes action. Though he makes his decision to get involved, Fowler is unsure and doubtful the whole time and feels a great deal of remorse when it is all over. It is then that he must admit to himself, and the readers see, that he is not impartial after all, and it is, in fact, human nature to take a side.

How to Find the Lyra Constellation

How to Find the Lyra Constellation The nighttime skies of the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter feature a tiny constellation called Lyra, the Harp. Located next to Cygnus the Swan, Lyra has a long history and harbors a few fascinating surprises for stargazers. Finding Lyra To locate Lyra, look for Cygnus. Its right next door. Lyra looks like a small lopsided box or a parallelogram in the sky. Its also not far from the constellation Hercules, a hero honored by the Greeks in their pantheon of myths and legends. The Myth of Lyra The name Lyra comes from the Greek myth of Orpheus, a musician. Lyra represents his lyre, made by the god Hermes. Orpheus lyre produced such beautiful music that it brought inanimate objects to life and charmed the legendary sirens. Orpheus married Eurydice, but she was killed by a snakebite, and Orpheus had to follow her to the underworld to get her back. Hades, the god of the underworld, said he could have her back as long as he didnt look at her as they left his realm. Unfortunately, Orpheus couldnt help but look, and Eurydice was lost forever. Orpheus spent the rest of his life in grief, playing his lyre. After he died, his lyre was placed in the sky as a tribute to his music and the loss of his wife. The constellation Lyra, one of the 48 constellations of antiquity, represents that lyre. The Stars of Lyra The IAU official constellation outline of Lyra. This also shows the location of two deep-sky objects observers can search out. IAU/Sky Telescope.   Constellation Lyra has only five main stars in its main figure, but the full constellation with all its boundaries contains many more. The brightest star is called Vega, or alphaLyrae. Its one of the three stars in the Summer Triangle, along with Deneb (in Cygnus) and Altair (in Aquila). Vega, the fifth-brightest star in the nighttime sky, is an A-type star that appears to have a ring of dust around it. At 450 million years old, Vega is considered a young star. It was once our North Pole star about 14,000 years ago and will be again about the year 13,727. The Summer Triangle and the constellations that lend their stars to it. Carolyn Collins Petersen Other interesting stars in Lyra include ÃŽ µ Lyrae, which is a double-double star, meaning that each of its two stars is a double star, as well. ÃŽ ² Lyrae (the second-brightest star in the constellation) is a binary star with two members that orbit so closely that occasionally material from one star spills over to other. That causes the stars to brighten as they do their orbital dance together.  Deep-sky Objects in Lyra Lyra has a few interesting deep-sky objects. The first is called M57, or the Ring Nebula. Its a planetary nebula, the remains of a sun-like star that died and expelled its material out to space to form what looks like a ring. Actually, the cloud of star-atmosphere material is more like a sphere, but from our point of view on Earth, it looks more like a ring. This object is easiest to spot with good binoculars or a telescope.   The Ring Nebula as seen by Hubble Space Telescope, with a white dwarf at the heart of the Ring Nebula. This is a Hubble Space Telescope image. Through binoculars or a small telescope, the ring looks like a small greyish-green oval. NASA/ESA/STScI. The other object in Lyra is the globular star cluster M56. It, too, can be seen with binoculars or telescope. For observers with a good telescope, Lyra also contains a galaxy called NGC 6745. Its more than 200 million light-years away, and scientists think it collided with another galaxy in the distant past.   Scientific Findings in Lyra The constellation Lyra is home to stars with planets that orbit them. Theres a Jupiter-mass planet circling an orange star called HD 177830.  Other stars nearby also have planets, including one called TrES-1b. It was discovered crossing the field of view between Earth and its parent star (called a transit discovery), and theres some thought the star might be somewhat like Earth. Astronomers will have to do more follow-up observations to determine what kind of planet it really is. Such planetary discoveries are part of the Kepler Telescopes mission to find stars with exoplanets. It stared at this region of the sky for years, searching for worlds among the stars of the constellations Lyra, Cygnus, and Draco.

Free Essays on 1984 - Relations Of Totalitarianism

related to it." (Internet, Bartleby) "Even thinking rebellious thought is illegal, the worst of all crimes.† Telescreens were the eyes of the party, not to mention anywhere you went you were reminded of the omniscient figure named Big Brother. The party used five different techniques to restrain citizens. The first technique used was â€Å"Psychological Manipulation.† Behavior of the members was monitored closely. Every time you turned around or went somewhere you were being constantly reminded that, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† (Orwell 5). Children were inducted into an organization called the â€Å"Junior Spies†. They were brainwashed and encouraged that it was okay to spy on their parents. When there was disloyalty to the party from adults their children were the most likely ones to submit them to punishment. The sec... Free Essays on 1984 - Relations Of Totalitarianism Free Essays on 1984 - Relations Of Totalitarianism Relations of Totalitarianism Even though George Orwell’s mind-numbing novel 1984 was written in 1929, he accurately predicted some societies outcome of a totalitarianism government. In the book 1984, Winston Smith, a low member of the ruling party, lived and matured with the concept of a totalitarian government. The same totalitarian concept took place in Fascist Italy under the ruling of Benito Mussolini in the early 1900‘s. Mussolini and Orwell’s concepts and ideas intertwined in imagination. They both had the same notion, Orwell’s 1984 resembled a perfect totalitarian society. Outcomes of situations were beyond extreme, unimaginable to the modern day government. Imagine living in a society in which you are completely restrained from having freedom. Winston lives life in Oceana, a city in London. A â€Å"party† that controls everything, such as history and language, continuously watches and controls him. An invented language called newspeak that was force to be used as member’s native language. The party believes that newspeak "Prevents political rebellion by eliminating all words related to it." (Internet, Bartleby) "Even thinking rebellious thought is illegal, the worst of all crimes.† Telescreens were the eyes of the party, not to mention anywhere you went you were reminded of the omniscient figure named Big Brother. The party used five different techniques to restrain citizens. The first technique used was â€Å"Psychological Manipulation.† Behavior of the members was monitored closely. Every time you turned around or went somewhere you were being constantly reminded that, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† (Orwell 5). Children were inducted into an organization called the â€Å"Junior Spies†. They were brainwashed and encouraged that it was okay to spy on their parents. When there was disloyalty to the party from adults their children were the most likely ones to submit them to punishment. The sec...